Upper Limb Deformities

Pediatric upper limb deformities can affect your child’s arm, wrist, or hand function. Dr. Sheu, our pediatric orthopedic specialist, is experienced in evaluating and treating these conditions to help your child gain improved movement, strength, and confidence in daily activities.

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Introduction

Upper limb deformities in children can involve differences in the size, shape, or number of bones in the arm, forearm, wrist, or hand. These conditions may be present at birth or develop during growth. Early evaluation and treatment are essential to support normal function and prevent long-term complications.

Arm Length Differences

Some children may have one arm that is significantly shorter or longer than the other. This can affect reaching, lifting, and performing daily activities. Monitoring growth and function is essential, and corrective procedures may be recommended if needed.

Angular Deformities

Angular deformities occur when the arm or forearm bones grow at an abnormal angle. These differences can impact joint movement, strength, and appearance. Early evaluation by a pediatric orthopedic specialist can help determine the best treatment approach.

Forearm Deformities

Forearm deformities may involve rotation, bowing, or unequal bone length. These differences can limit the ability to rotate the forearm or bend the elbow and wrist. Treatment focuses on restoring function and alignment as the child grows.

Wrist Deformities

Wrist deformities can affect hand placement, grip, and daily tasks such as writing, holding objects, or playing. Orthopedic specialists evaluate the severity and recommend treatments to improve alignment and function.

Polydactyly (Extra Fingers)

Polydactyly is the presence of extra fingers or toes. Extra fingers can interfere with grip and dexterity. Surgery is often performed to remove extra digits and improve hand function, usually when the child is young.

Treatment for Upper Limb Deformities

Treatment depends on the type and severity of the deformity and may include:

Observation and monitoring for mild deformities
Bracing or splinting to guide bone growth or improve function
Physical or occupational therapy to strengthen muscles and improve coordination
Surgery to correct bone alignment, remove extra digits, or improve joint function

Does My Child Need Surgery?

Surgery is considered when the deformity significantly affects function, causes pain, or is unlikely to improve as the child grows. Dr. Sheu uses specialized pediatric orthopedic techniques to minimize impact on growth and maximize long-term function.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

Recovery varies depending on the type of treatment or surgery. After treatment, your child may benefit from physical or occupational therapy to restore strength, flexibility, and coordination. Dr. Sheu and the team at Premier Podiatry and Orthopedics develop individualized rehabilitation plans to help your child regain independence, improve function, and participate fully in school, sports, and daily activities.

References

Shah A, Bohn DC, Van Heest AE, Hu CH. Congenital Upper-Limb Differences: A 6-Year Literature Review. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2023;105(19):1537-1549. doi:10.2106/JBJS.22.01323.

Patel NK, Toyoda Y, Grunzweig KA, Shah AS, Mendenhall SD. Recent Advancements in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Hand Differences. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2023;31(15):766-782. doi:10.5435/JAAOS-D-23-00302.

Pino PA, Zlotolow DA, Kozin SH. What’s New in Congenital Hand Surgery. J Pediatr Orthop. 2020;40(8):e753-e760. doi:10.1097/BPO.0000000000001629.

Gallant GG, Bora FW. Congenital Deformities of the Upper Extremity. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 1996;4(3):162-171. doi:10.5435/00124635-199605000-00006.

Little KJ, Cornwall R. Congenital Anomalies of the Hand–Principles of Management. Orthop Clin North Am. 2016;47(1):153-168. doi:10.1016/j.ocl.2015.08.015.