Table of Contents
Introduction
The meniscus is a C-shaped piece of cartilage in the knee that acts as a cushion between the thighbone and shinbone. Each knee has two menisci that help absorb shock and keep the joint stable. When the meniscus is torn, it can cause pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the knee. Meniscus injuries are very common and can happen during sports, daily activities, or as part of the natural aging process.
What Is the Meniscus and How Do Injuries Happen?
A meniscus tear often occurs when the knee twists while the foot is planted. This is common in sports that involve pivoting or rapid direction changes. Meniscus injuries can also result from lifting something heavy or squatting deeply. As people age, the meniscus can weaken, which makes it more likely to tear during normal activities.
How Do I Know if I Have a Meniscus Tear?
Typical signs of a meniscus injury include:
- Pain along the inner or outer side of the knee
- Swelling that develops within the first day
- Stiffness or difficulty straightening the knee
- A catching or locking feeling inside the joint
- A sensation that the knee is giving way
- Pain when squatting or twisting
A physical exam and imaging studies, such as an MRI, can help confirm the diagnosis.
Treatments for Meniscus Injuries
Treatment depends on the size, location, and type of tear, as well as your age and activity level.
- Non-surgical treatment may include rest, ice, anti-inflammatory medication, bracing, and physical therapy. Many small tears heal or improve with conservative care.
- Surgical treatment may be recommended for persistent pain or mechanical symptoms. Options include trimming the torn portion of the meniscus or repairing the tear to allow the tissue to heal. Your surgeon will recommend the best approach based on the specific tear.
Recovery Following Meniscus Surgery
Recovery varies depending on whether the meniscus is trimmed or repaired.
- After a meniscus trim, most people recover more quickly and return to daily activities within a few weeks.
- After a meniscus repair, healing takes longer because the tissue needs time to mend. Weight-bearing may be limited early on, and a brace or crutches may be used.
Physical therapy is an important part of recovery. It helps restore motion, strengthen the surrounding muscles, and protect the healing knee. Many patients return to sports and physical activities once healing is complete and strength has returned.
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