Shoulder Dislocations

Shoulder dislocations can be painful and make everyday activities difficult. We can help restore stability and get you back to your normal routine.

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Introduction

A shoulder dislocation occurs when the top of the arm bone slips out of the shoulder socket. This is a common injury in sports, falls, and accidents. With proper care, most people regain full function and return to their normal activities.

What is a Shoulder Dislocation?

The shoulder is a ball-and-socket joint. When the ball (top of the arm bone) comes out of its socket, it is called a dislocation. This can cause pain, swelling, limited motion, and sometimes affect nerves or blood vessels. It is important to seek medical attention to prevent further injury.

What Kinds of Dislocations Are There?

Anterior dislocation: The most common type, where the arm bone moves forward out of the socket. Usually caused by a fall or sports injury.
Posterior dislocation: Less common, often caused by seizures or electric shocks. It can be more difficult to detect.
Other types: Rarely, the shoulder can dislocate downward or in multiple directions.

Treatments for Shoulder Dislocations

Immediate care: A doctor will carefully move the bone back into place, called reduction. Pain relief or local numbing may be used.
Imaging: X-rays or ultrasound confirm the dislocation and check for other injuries.
After reduction: The arm is usually placed in a sling for 2–4 weeks depending on age, activity level, and type of injury.
Physical therapy: Exercises restore motion, strengthen the shoulder, and help you return to normal activities safely.

Do I Need Surgery?

Surgery is not always needed, especially for first-time dislocations in older adults. Surgery may be recommended if:

You are young and active, since repeat dislocations are more likely
There is significant bone or ligament damage
You play contact sports or have a job that stresses the shoulder

Surgical procedures repair damaged ligaments and restore stability to prevent future dislocations.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

Recovery usually takes a few weeks to a few months. Physical therapy begins soon after injury to restore movement and strength. Return to sports or work is possible once the shoulder is strong, flexible, and pain-free. Following your doctor’s guidance is key to preventing re-injury and regaining full function.

References

Karasuyama M, Tsuruta T, Yamamoto S, et al. Comparative Efficacy of Treatments for a First-Time Traumatic Anterior Shoulder Dislocation: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2024;33(11):2505-2514. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2024.05.036.

Potyk AG, Belk JW, Bravman JT, et al. Immobilization in External Rotation Versus Arthroscopic Stabilization After Primary Anterior Shoulder Dislocation: A Systematic Review of Level 1 and 2 Studies. Am J Sports Med. 2024;52(2):544-554. doi:10.1177/03635465231155199.

Belk JW, Wharton BR, Houck DA, et al. Shoulder Stabilization Versus Immobilization for First-Time Anterior Shoulder Dislocation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Level 1 Randomized Controlled Trials. Am J Sports Med. 2023;51(6):1634-1643. doi:10.1177/03635465211065403.